Biology: Age 12
28 illustrated Biology lessons for Age 12.
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How nicotine builds dependence Nicotine from smoke passes through the lungs into the blood and reaches the brain within seconds. Brain cells … -
How digestion works When you eat, food travels from your mouth down to your stomach and then into your small intestine. There it i… -
Plant cell and animal cell Plant and animal cells both have a membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus and mitochondria. Only plant cells also have… -
Fast and Slow Muscle Fibres Muscles are made of different kinds of fibres. Fast fibres work for quick bursts, while slow fibres keep going… -
Air Sacs and Capillaries Tiny air sacs in the lungs are surrounded by blood capillaries. Oxygen moves into the blood, and carbon dioxid… -
Inside a Basic Cell Most cells share a simple plan. A protective outer boundary surrounds jelly-like cytoplasm, and a nucleus hold… -
Inner ear spiral chamber The inner ear contains a spiral chamber filled with fluid. When vibrations make ripples in the fluid, tiny hai… -
One Cell and Many Cells A single-celled organism is a whole living thing made of just one cell, like the oval microbe. A multicellular… -
Sperm Meets Egg A sperm cell joins with an egg cell to make one new cell. That cell divides into a small ball, which settles i… -
Fossil Teeth, Bones, and Tracks Paleontologists study fossil teeth, bones, and trackways. They use these remains to work out what extinct anim… -
Heart and Two Loops The heart pushes blood through two sets of tubes. One set carries oxygen-rich blood to body cells, and the oth… -
Plants Move Onto Land Early plants lived in water, where they stayed wet all the time. Over time, some grew features that helped the… -
Still Frames, Moving Ball Your eye holds each picture for a tiny moment after it appears. When new pictures arrive quickly, the old and … -
Rods and Cones in the Eye The retina lines the back of the eye. Rod cells help you see shapes in dim light, while cone cells help you se… -
Genes and Traits Genes are sections of DNA. They carry instructions that help build and run a body, and they can affect visible… -
Eyes, Ears, and the Fear Switch Light and sound enter through your eyes and ears. Signals travel through a brain relay to two almond-shaped cl… -
Cat Purr Vibrations A cat's purr starts when air moves from the lungs through the trachea. The moving air makes thin folds in the … -
Virus Entering a Cell A virus attaches to the outside of a cell and sends its genetic material inside. The cell then makes new virus… -
Underground Root Threads Below the soil, pale threads join the roots of different plants. Water, nutrients and warning signals can trav… -
Sunlit Slope and Rising Air Sunlight warms the rocky slope, and the air just above it becomes lighter. That rising air forms a column that… -
Warm Sand Nest A buried clutch of eggs rests in a flask-shaped chamber under the sand. The sand near the middle is warmer tha… -
Warm Sand and Sea Turtle Eggs Sea turtle eggs do not get their sex only from genes. The temperature of the sand around each egg decides whet… -
Air's Path Through the Body When you breathe in, air enters through your nose or mouth and travels down a tube in your neck. It then split… -
Giraffe Bending to Drink A giraffe lowers its long neck to a pool. Special neck arteries and one-way valves keep blood moving to its he… -
Warm Sand, Cool Sand A crocodile egg's sex is decided while it incubates, not by chromosomes like in mammals. Eggs in a warm nest o… -
Muscle pairs at the elbow When you bend your arm, the muscle at the front of your upper arm gets shorter and fatter. The muscle behind i… -
Animals Carry Seeds Rainforest trees often make fruit that animals eat. The animals carry the seeds away in their dung or on their… -
Same Bones, Different Jobs Humans, whales, bats, and horses have forelimbs built from the same set of bones. Those bones are shaped and s…