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Tangent from Secants

A curve is shown with one fixed point and a nearby moving point. As the nearby point slides toward the fixed point, the secant line through them turns toward the tangent, and the derivative is the slope of that tangent.

In the picture

  1. A red point on the curve: the fixed location where the change is measured.
  2. A red straight line touching the curve at the red point: the tangent direction at that point.
  3. A yellow point on the curve near the red point: a second location used to form a secant.
  4. A dashed line through the red and yellow points: the secant slope over that interval.
  5. A faint dashed line close to the red tangent: a secant that has moved nearer the fixed point.

Examples

  • A car’s speedometer shows instantaneous speed, like the slope of a distance-time curve at one moment.
  • The steepness of a hill at one spot, read from a tangent to its profile.

Quiz: Tangent from Secants (Age 17)

  1. What does the slope of a secant line represent?

    • The area under the curve between two points
    • The exact change at a single point
    • The average change between two points
  2. How is the tangent slope at a point obtained from secant slopes?

    • As the secant slope between two widely separated points
    • As the average of all secant slopes on the curve
    • As the limit of secant slopes when the two points come together
  3. What does the derivative at a point equal in this idea?

    • The y-coordinate of the fixed point
    • The slope of the tangent line at that point
    • The average slope over a large interval

The answers, each with its explanation, are in the app. This lesson has left the free week, so its quiz is part of the subscription.

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Maths, Age 17