Geography: Age 12

12 illustrated Geography lessons for Age 12.

Where a Valley's Water Comes From and Goes Fresh water is only a small part of all the water on Earth, and it is not shared evenly: some places have plen…
Billions of people, unevenly spread More than eight billion people live on Earth, but they are not spread out evenly. Some regions are packed with…
How Waves Carve a Headland Waves crash into weak spots in a cliff and slowly wear them away over thousands of years. A small crack grows …
A River's Journey from Mountain to Sea A river collects water from snow and rain in the mountains and carries it all the way to the sea. Along the wa…
Ice Splits the Rock Water seeps into a crack in the rock face and freezes overnight. As it turns to ice it takes up more room and …
Earth's Fresh Water Most of Earth's water is salty ocean water. Only a small share is fresh, and much of it is frozen or hidden un…
Sea cave, arch, stack Waves strike a rocky headland and widen weak cracks in the rock. Over time the cracks become a cave, then an a…
Edges of Moving Slabs Earth's outer shell is broken into huge moving slabs. Where these slabs meet, they can pull apart, push togeth…
Ocean Plate Meets Continent The dark ocean plate is denser than the pale continental plate. Where they meet, the ocean plate sinks below a…
Mangrove Coast on the Move Along one coast, waves wear away a muddy edge while calm water drops new mud at the other end. The mangrove be…
Earth's Magnetic Core Earth has a hot metal core with a solid center and a swirling liquid layer around it. This moving metal gives …
How Colliding Plates Build Mountains Earth's outer shell is cracked into huge slabs of rock called plates, and they creep along in different direct…