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Two premises, one conclusion
A syllogism joins two premises that share a middle term to reach a conclusion that must be true if both premises are true. Here, all humans are mortal and Socrates is human, so Socrates is mortal.
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Age 17: open this week
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In the picture
- Major premise: the red loop (humans) lies wholly inside the blue loop (mortals) — all humans are mortal.
- Minor premise: the figurine (Socrates) stands inside the red loop — Socrates is human.
- Middle term: the red loop appears in both premises and links them.
- Conclusion: the figurine stands inside the blue loop — Socrates is mortal, and the middle term drops out.
Examples
- All buses on this route stop at the station; the 42 is on this route; so the 42 stops at the station.
- Every ticket bought today is valid for a week; you bought yours today; so it is valid for a week.
Key takeaways
- If the premises are true and the form is valid, the conclusion cannot be false.
- A valid syllogism can still give a false conclusion if one of its premises is false.
Carry on in the app
Three questions on this lesson. It has left the free week, so its quiz is for subscribers.
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