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Snow Crystal Growth

Water vapor can skip the liquid state and attach directly onto an ice crystal. The molecules settle into a six-sided lattice, so the crystal grows with six-fold symmetry.

In the picture

  1. The central six-sided ring of linked water molecules
  2. A new water molecule attaching at a corner of the ring
  3. A flat branching arm extending outward from the ring
  4. A drifting vapor molecule approaching the crystal

Examples

  • Frost forming on a cold window
  • Snowflakes seen on a winter coat sleeve

Quiz: Snow Crystal Growth (Age 18)

  1. According to the card, what can water vapor do?

    • Become solid ice without first becoming liquid
    • Stay as vapor and never join an ice crystal
    • Become liquid water before it can freeze
  2. Why do snow crystals grow with six-fold symmetry?

    • Wind always bends them into six equal arms
    • They copy the six sides of a falling droplet
    • Water molecules settle into a six-sided lattice
  3. Where does a new water molecule attach when the crystal grows?

    • At a corner of the six-sided ring
    • In the center of the six-sided ring
    • Along the flat side of a branching arm

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Chemistry, Age 18