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Measuring a Wave

A wave repeats the same shape over and over as it travels. Amplitude tells you how tall it is, wavelength how long one repeat is, and frequency how many repeats pass each second.

In the picture

  1. The glowing curve — one full repeat of it is a cycle.
  2. The dashed centre line — the rest position the wave swings around.
  3. The vertical arrow — the amplitude, from the rest line up to the crest.
  4. The horizontal arrow — the wavelength, from one crest to the next.
  5. The stopwatch — frequency counts cycles per second, measured in hertz.

Examples

  • A guitar string: pluck it harder for a bigger amplitude (louder), press a fret for a higher frequency (higher pitch).
  • Ripples on a pond: the crest-to-crest spacing is the wavelength, and how fast a floating leaf bobs is the frequency.

Quiz: Measuring a Wave (Age 17)

  1. What does the wavelength of a wave tell you?

    • The distance from one crest to the next crest
    • The height from the rest position up to a crest
    • The number of complete repeats that pass each second
  2. A wave has a frequency of 5 hertz. What does that tell you?

    • Each complete cycle takes 5 seconds to pass
    • Five complete cycles pass a given point every second
    • The wave rises 5 units above its rest position
  3. A wave is changed so that it swings further from its rest position, while each repeat still takes the same time and covers the same distance. Which measurement changed?

    • Its wavelength
    • Its frequency
    • Its amplitude

The answers, each with its explanation, are in the app. This lesson has left the free week, so its quiz is part of the subscription.

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Physics, Age 17