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Snow Layers and Cup Crystals

Inside snow, some layers are warmer than others. That difference slowly changes star-shaped crystals into loose, cup-shaped grains that can let a hard slab slide.

In the picture

  1. Dense white slab at the top of the snow cutaway.
  2. A cup-shaped faceted grain in the magnified inset.
  3. A star-shaped crystal in the lower snow layer.
  4. The dark ground at the bottom of the cutaway.

Examples

  • A hard crust on a ski slope can slide when a weak cup-crystal layer lies under it.
  • Sugar-like snow on a sidewalk can collapse under your boots.

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Physics, Age 13