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Immune Defense in the Blood

White blood cells patrol the blood and can wrap around invaders to take them inside. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that stick to invaders and stop them from causing harm.

In the picture

  1. A white blood cell membrane: it stretches around the rod-shaped bacterium.
  2. A trapped bacterium: it sits inside the white blood cell’s pocket.
  3. An antibody: its Y-shaped arms bind to the bacterium’s surface.
  4. A red blood cell: a disc-shaped cell drifting in the plasma.

Examples

  • A scraped knee turns red and swollen as immune cells rush to the area.
  • A vaccine helps the body make antibodies before a real infection arrives.

Quiz: Immune Defense in the Blood (Age 14)

  1. What do white blood cells do to pathogens?

    • They engulf and digest them.
    • They become disc-shaped and drift in plasma.
    • They bind to them and neutralize them.
  2. What do antibodies do to pathogens?

    • They bind to them and neutralize them.
    • They stretch their membrane around them.
    • They engulf and digest them.
  3. What shape are antibodies?

    • Rod-shaped.
    • Disc-shaped.
    • Y-shaped.

The answers, each with its explanation, are in the app. This lesson has left the free week, so its quiz is part of the subscription.

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Science, Age 14