Factories, Steam, and Railways

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In the 19th century, machines in large factories began to run on steam power made from coal. Railways carried goods and people faster, and many workers moved to cities, so towns grew quickly.

In the picture

Coal pile: fuel burned to heat the boiler and make steam
Steam engine flywheel: converts steam pressure into turning power for machinery
Spinning machines: mechanized textile tools that turn cotton into thread
Steam locomotive: railway engine that pulls wagons and moves goods
Brick terrace houses: crowded workers' homes built near the factories

Examples

A kettle over a fire makes steam that can push a lid.
A train carrying coal or cloth from one town to another.

Key takeaways

Steam power let factories run machines without relying on wind, water, or muscle.
Railways and factory jobs drew people to cities, causing rapid urban growth.