Carbon Under Pressure
Age 13 · Chemistry
Deep in Earth’s mantle, carbon atoms are squeezed by enormous heat and pressure. They pack together into a rigid, repeating lattice, and that lattice is a diamond.
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Age 13: open this week
Browse Age 13In the picture
- One carbon atom: a single grey sphere in the group
- Pressure: arrows pushing inward on the group from every side
- The mantle: the glowing hot layer deep below the surface
- The lattice: spheres locked in a fixed repeating pattern, each touching its neighbours
Examples
- Graphite in a pencil lead, also pure carbon but in flat sheets
- The clear faceted stone in a diamond ring
Key takeaways
- Diamond and graphite are both pure carbon; only the way the atoms are arranged differs.
- Extreme heat and pressure deep underground lock carbon atoms into the diamond lattice.
Quiz: Carbon Under Pressure (Age 13)
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What is the main difference between diamond and graphite according to the card?
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What conditions deep in Earth’s mantle lock carbon atoms into a diamond lattice?
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In the diamond lattice, how are the carbon atoms arranged?
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