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Carbon Under Pressure

Deep in Earth’s mantle, carbon atoms are squeezed by enormous heat and pressure. They pack together into a rigid, repeating lattice, and that lattice is a diamond.

In the picture

  1. One carbon atom: a single grey sphere in the group
  2. Pressure: arrows pushing inward on the group from every side
  3. The mantle: the glowing hot layer deep below the surface
  4. The lattice: spheres locked in a fixed repeating pattern, each touching its neighbours

Examples

  • Graphite in a pencil lead, also pure carbon but in flat sheets
  • The clear faceted stone in a diamond ring

Quiz: Carbon Under Pressure (Age 13)

  1. What is the main difference between diamond and graphite according to the card?

    • They are made of different elements.
    • They are both pure carbon, but their atoms are arranged differently.
    • Graphite is a metal and diamond is a gas.
  2. What conditions deep in Earth’s mantle lock carbon atoms into a diamond lattice?

    • Cold water and sunlight
    • Extreme heat and pressure
    • Strong winds and oxygen
  3. In the diamond lattice, how are the carbon atoms arranged?

    • They form long chains that slide past each other.
    • They float freely and never touch.
    • They are locked in a fixed repeating pattern, each touching its neighbours.

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Chemistry, Age 13